1899
CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
The President
of the Council,
Apolinario
Mabini.
Preamble
We, the Representatives of the Filipino people,
lawfully covened, in order to establish justice, provide for common defense,
promote the general welfare, and insure the benefits of liberty, imploring the
aid
of the Sovereign Legislator of the Universe for
the attainment of these ends, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the
following:
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION
Title I
THE REPUBLIC
Article 1. The political association of all
Filipinos constitutes a nation, whose state shall be known as the Philippine
Republic.
Article 2. The Philippine Republic is free and
independent.
Article 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the
people.
Title II
THE GOVERNMENT
Article 4. The Government of the Republic is
popular, representative, alternative, and responsible, and shall exercise
three distinct powers: namely, the legislative, the executive, and the
judicial. Any two or
more of these
three powers shall never be united in one person or cooperation, nor the
legislative power vested in one single individual.
Title III
RELIGION
Article 5. The
State recognizes the freedom and equality of all religions, as well as the
separation of the Church and the State.
Title IV
THE FILIPINOS AND THEIR NATIONAL
AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
Article 6. The
following are Filipinos:
1. All persons born in the Philippine territory. A vessel of Philippine
registry is considered, for this purpose, as part of Philippine
territory.
2. Children of a Filipino father or mother, although born outside of the
Philippines.
3. Foreigners who have obtained certification of
naturalization.
4. Those who, without such certificate, have acquired a domicile in any
town within Philippine territory.
It is understood that domicile is acquired by
uninterrupted residence for two years in any locality within Philippine
territory, with an open abode and known occupation, and contributing to all
the taxes imposed by the Nation.
The condition of being a Filipino is lost in
accordance with law.
Article 7. No Filipino or foreigner shall be
detained nor imprisoned except for the commission of a crime and in accordance
with law.
Article 8. All persons detained shall be discharged
or delivered to the judicial authority within 24 hours following the act of
detention. All detentions shall be without legal effect, unless the
arrested person is duly prosecuted within 72 hours after delivery to a
competent court. The accused shall be duly notified of such proceeding
within the same period.
Article 9. No Filipino shall be imprisoned except
by virtue of an order by a competent court. The order of imprisonment
shall be ratified or confirmed within 72 hours following the said order, after
the accused has been heard.
Article 10. No one shall enter the dwelling house
of any Filipino or a foreigner residing in the Philippines without his consent
except in urgent cases of fire, inundation, earthquake or similar dangers, or
by reason of unlawful aggression from within, or in order to assist a person
therein who cries for help. Outside of these cases, the entry into the
dwelling house of any Filipino or foreign resident in the Philippines or the
search of his papers and effects can only be decreed by a competent court
and
executed only in the daytime. The search of
papers and effects shall be made always in the presence of the person searched
or of a member of his family and, in their absence, of two witnesses resident
of the same place. However, when a criminal caught in fraganti should
take refuge in his dwelling house, the authorities in pursuit may enter into
it, only for the purpose of making an arrest. If a criminal should take
refuge in the dwelling house of a foreigner, the consent of a latter must
first be obtained.
Article 11. No Filipino shall be compelled to
change his residence or domicile except by virtue of a final
judgment.
Article 12. In no case may correspondence confided
to the post office be detained or opened by government authorities, nor any
telegraphic or telephonic message detained. However, by virtue of a competent
court, correspondence may be detained and opened in the presence of the
sender.
Article 13. All orders of imprisonment, of search
of a dwelling house, or detention of written correspondence, telegraph or
telephone, must be justified. When an order lacks this requisite, or
when the grounds on which the act was founded is proven in court to be
unlawful or manifestly insufficient, the person to be detained or whose
imprisonment has
not been
ratified within the period prescribed in Art. 9, or whose correspondence has
been detained, shall have the right to recover
damages.
Article 14. No Filipino shall be prosecuted or
sentenced, except by a judge or court of proper jurisdiction and according to
the procedure prescribed by law.
Article 15. Exept in the cases provided by the
Constitution, all persons detained or imprisoned not in accordance with legal
formalities shall be released upon his own petition or upon petition of
another
person.
The law shall determine the manner of proceeding summarily in this instance,
as well as the personal and pecuniary penalties which shall be imposed upon
the person who ordered, executed or to be
executed the illegal detention or
imprisonment.
Article 16. No one shall be temporarily or
permanently deprived of rights or dstured in his enjoyment thereof, except by
virtue of judicial sentence. The officials who, under any pretext
whatsoever, should violate this provision, shall be personally liable for the
damages caused.
Article 17. No one shall be deprived of his
property by expropriation except on grounds of public necessity and benefit,
previously declared and justified by proper authorities, and indemnifying the
owner thereof prior to expropriation.
Article 18. No one shall be obliged to pay any
public tax which had not been approved by the National Assembly or by local
popular governments legally so authorized, and which is not in the
manner
prescribed by
the law.
Article 19. No Filipino who is in full enjoyment of
his civil or political rights, shall be impeded in the free exercise of said
rights.
Article 20. Neither shall any Filipino be
deprived:
1. Of the right to freely express his ideas or
opinions, orally or in writing, through the use of the press or other similar
means.
2. Of the right of association for purposes of human life and which are
not contrary to public morals; and lastly
3. Of the right to send petitions to the authorities, individually or
collectively.
The right of petition shall not be exercised
through any kind of armed force.
Article 21. The exercise of the rights provided for
in the preceding article shall be subject to general provisions regulating the
same.
Article 22. Crimes committed on the occasion of the
exercise of rights provided for in this title, shall be punished by the courts
in accordance with the laws.
Article 23. Any Filipino may establish and maintain
institutions of learning, in accordance with the laws authorizing them.
Public education shall be free and obligatory in all schools of the
nation.
Article 24. Foreigners may freely reside in
Philippine territory, subject to legal dispositions regulating the matter; may
engage in any occupation or profession for the exercise of which no special
license is required by law to be issued by the national
authorities.
Article 25. No Filipino who is in full enjoyment of
his political and civil rights shall be impeded in his right to travel freely
abroad or in his right to transfer his residence or possessions to another
country,
except as to
his obligations to contribute to military service or the maintenance of public
taxes.
Article 26. No foreigner who has not been
naturalized may exercise in the Philippines any office which carries with it
any authority or jurisdictional powers.
Article 27. All Filipinos are obliged to defend his
country with arms when called upon by law, and to contribute to the expenses
of the State in proportion to his means.
Article 28. The enumeration of the rights provided
for in this title does not imply the denial of other rights not
mentioned.
Article 29. The prior authorization to prosecute a
public official in the ordinary courts is not necessary, whatever may be the
crime committed.
A superior
order shall not exempt a public official from liability in the cases which
constitute apparent and clear violations of constitutional precepts. In
others, the agents of the law shall only be exempted
if
they did not exercise the authority.
Article 30. The guarantees provided for in Articles
7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 20 shall not be
suspended, partially or wholly, in any part of the Republic, except
temporarily and by
authority of
law, when the security of the State in extraordinary circumstances so
demands.
When promulgated in any territory where the
suspension applies, there shall be a special law which shall govern during the
period of the suspension, according to the circumstances
prevailing.
The law of suspension as well as the special law to
govern shall be approved by the National Assembly, and in case the latter is
in recess, the Government shall have the power to decree the same jointly with
the Permanent Commission, without prejudice to convoking the Assembly without
the least delay and report to it what had been done.
However, any suspension made shall not affect more rights than those
mentioned in the first paragraph of this article nor authorize the Government
to banish or deport from the Philippines any
Filipino.
Article 31. In the Republic of the Philippines, no
one shall be judged by a special law nor by special tribunals. No person or
corporation may enjoy privileges or emoluments which are not in compensation
for public service rendered and authorized by law. War and marine laws shall
apply
only for crimes and delicts which have intimate
relation to military or naval discipline.
Article 32. No Filipino shall establish laws on
primogeniture, nor institutions restrictive of property rights, nor accept
honors, decorations, or honorific titles or nobility from foreign nations
without the
consent of the
Government.
Neither shall the Government establish in the
Republic institutions mentioned in the preceding paragraph, nor confer honors,
decorations, or honorific titles of nobility to any
Filipino.
The Nation, however, may reward by special law
approved by the Assembly, conspicuous services rendered by citizens of the
country.
Title V
THE LEGISLATIVE POWER
Article 33. Legislative power shall be exercised by
an Assembly of Representatives of the Nation.
This Assembly shall be organized in the form and
manner determined by law.
Article 34. The Members of the Assembly shall
represent the who nation and not exclusively the electors who elected
them.
Article 35. No representative shall receive from
his electors any imperative mandate whatsoever.
Article 36. The Assembly shall meet every year. The
President of the Republic has the right to convoke it, suspend and close its
sessions, and dissolve the same, within the periods prescribed by law enacted
by the Assembly or by the Permanent Commission.
Article 37. The Assembly shall be open at least
three months each year, without including in this period the time spent in its
organization.
The President of the Republic shall convoke the
Assembly, not later than the 15th day of April.
Article 38. In extraordinary cases, he may convoke
the Assembly outside of the period fixed by law, as determined by the
Permanent Commission, and prolong its law-making, provided the
extended
period does not
exceed one month and provided further that such extensions do not take place
more than twice during the same legislative term.
Article 39. The National Assembly, jointly with the
special Representatives, shall organize committees for the organization of the
Assembly and for the election of the new President of the Republic, which
shall be formed at least one month before the expiration of the term of office
of the Representatives.
In case of death or resignation of the President of
the Republic, the Assembly shall meet in session by its own right or by
initiative of the President or of the Permanent
Commission.
Article 40. In the meantime that the new President
has not been chosen, his functions shall be exercised by the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court whose office shall be taken over by one of
the
Justices of the Court, in accordance with
law.
Article 41. Any session of the Assembly held
outside the period of ordinary legislature shall be unlawful and void. The
case provided in Article 30 and in which the Assembly has constituted itself
into
a Tribunal of Justice shall be excepted, but in
the latter case no other functions shall be exercised except that pertaining
to judicial functions.
Article 42. The sessions of the Assembly shall be
public. However, sessions may be held in secret upon petition of a certain
number of its members fixed by the Rules, deciding afterwards by an absolute
majority of votes of the members present if the discussion on the same subject
has to continue in public.
Article 43. The President of the Republic shall
communicate with the Assembly by means of messages, which shall be read by a
Department Secretary.
The Department Secretaries shall have the right to
be heard in the Assembly, upon their request, and they may be represented in
the discussion of certain bills by Commissioners appointed by decrees
of
the President of the
Republic.
Article 44. The Assembly may constitute itself into
a Tribunal of Justice to hear and determine crimes committed against the
security of the State by the President of the Republic and members of
the
Council of Government, by the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, and by the Solicitor General of the Nation, by means of a
decree promulgating it, or by the Permanent Commission, or by the
President
of the Republic
upon petition of the Solicitor General or Council of
Government.
The law shall determine the mode and manner of the
accusation, instruction, and disposition of the
proceedings.
Article 45. No member of the Assembly shall be
prosecuted nor held accountable for the opinions expressed by him, nor by the
vote taken by him in the discharge of his office.
Article 46. No member of the Assembly shall be
prosecuted criminally without authority of the Assembly or of the Permanent
Commission to which an immediate report of the facts shall be made, for its
proper action.
The imprisonment, detention, or apprehension of a
member of the Assembly shall not be carried out without the prior authority of
the same or by the Permanent Commission. The moment the Assembly
is
notified of the order of imprisonment, it shall
incur liability if, within two days following the notification, it does not
authorize the imprisonment or give sufficient reason upon which the refusal is
based.
Article 47. The National Assembly shall have the
following additional powers:
1. To approve Rules for its internal
government.
2. To examine the legality of the elections and the legal qualifications
of the elected members.
3. To elect its President, Vice-Presidents, and
Secretaries.
Until the Assembly has been dissolved, the
President, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries shall continue to exercise their
office for the period of four legislative terms; and
4. To accept the resignations of its members and grant privileges in
accordance with the Rules.
Article 48. No bill shall become law without having
been voted on by the Assembly. To approve a bill, the presence in the
Assembly of at least one-fourth of the total number of the members whose
elections have been duly approved and taken the oath of office shall be
necessary.
Article 49. No bill shall be approved by the
Assembly until after it has been voted upon as a whole and subsequently
article by article.
Article 50. The Assembly shall have the right of
censure, and each of the members the right of
interpellation.
Article 51. The initiative in the presentation of
bills belongs to the President of the Republic and to the
Assembly.
Article 52. Any member of the Assembly who accepts
from the Government any pension, employment, or office with salary, is
understood to have renounced his membership. From this shall be excepted
the employment as Secretary of the Government of the Republic and other
offices provided for by special laws.
Article 53. The office of Representatives shall be
for a term of four years, and shall be compensated by a sum fixed by law,
according to the circumstances.
Those who absent themselves during the entire
period of the legislative sessions shall not be entitled to any compensation;
but they may be allowed to recover the right to compensation should they
attend
subsequently.
Title VI
THE PERMANENT COMMISSION
Article 54. The Assembly, before adjournment, shall
elect seven of its members to form the Permanent Commission during the period
of adjournment, which shall designate at its first session, the
President
and the
Secretary.
Article 55. The Permanent Commission, during the
adjournment of the Assembly, shall have the following
attributes:
1. Declare if there is sufficient cause to proceed against the President
of the Republic, the Representatives, Department secretaries, the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, and the Solicitor-General in the cases provided
by this Constitution.
2. Convoke the Assembly to a special session in the cases where the
latter should constitute itself into a Tribunal of
Justice.
3. To act upon pending matters which require proper
action.
4. Convoke the Assembly in special sessions when the exigencies of the
situation so demand.
5. Supplement the powers of the Assembly in accordance with the
Constitution, excepting the act of voting and approving
laws.
The Permanent
Commission shall meet in session whenever convoked by the presiding officer,
in accordance with this Constitution.
Title VII
THE EXECUTIVE POWER
Article 56. The Executive Power shall be vested in
the President of the Republic, who shall exercise it through his Department
Secretaries.
Article 57. The administration of the particular
interests of towns, provinces, and of the State shall correspond,
respectively, to the Popular Assembles, the Provincial Assemblies, and to the
Administration in power, in accordance with the laws, and observing the most
liberal policy of decentralization and administrative
autonomy.
Title VIII
THE PRESIDENT OF THE
REPUBLIC
Article 58. The President of the Republic shall be
elected by absolute majority of votes by the Assembly and by the special
Representatives, convened in chamber assembles. His term of office shall
be four years, and may be reelected.
Article 59. The President of the Republic shall
have the right to initiate the introduction of bills equally with the members
of the Assembly, and promulgate the laws when duly voted and approved by the
latter, and shall see to it that the same are duly
executed.
Article 60. The power to execute the laws shall
extend to all cases conducive to the preservation of internal public order and
to the external security of the State.
Article 61. The President shall promulgate the laws
duly approved by him within 20 days following their transmittal to him by the
Assembly.
Article 62. If within this period, the President
should fail to promulgate them, he shall return them to the Assembly with his
reasons for the return, in which case the Assembly may reconsider same, and
it
shall be presumed by a vote of at least two-thirds
of the members of the Assembly present in a quorum. If repassed in the manner
indicated, the Government shall promulgate same within ten days, with a
manifestation of its non-conformity. The obligation is imposed upon the
Government if it allows twenty days to elapse without returning the bill to
the Assembly.
Article 63. When the promulgation of a law has been
declared urgent by express will of an absolute majority of votes of the
Assembly, the President of the Republic may require the Assembly to re-approve
same which cannot be refused, and if the same bill is repassed, the President
shall promulgate it within the legal period, without prejudice to his making
of record his non-conformity with the bill.
Article 64. The promulgation of laws shall be made
by publishing them in the official gazette of the Republic, and shall have the
force of law thirty days following such publication.
Article 65. The President of the Republic shall
have at his disposal the army and the navy, and may declare war and make and
ratify treaties with the prior consent of the
Assembly.
Article 66. Treaties of peace shall not take effect
until voted upon by the Assembly.
Article 67. The President of the Republic, in
addition to his duty to execute the laws, shall:
1. Supervise civil and military employees in accordance with the
laws.
2. Appoint the Secretaries of the Government.
3. Direct the diplomatic and commercial relations with foreign
powers.
4. See to it that justice is duly and promptly administered throughout
the Philippines.
5. Grant pardon to convicted criminals in accordance with the laws,
except any special provision relating to the Secretaries of the
Government.
6. Preside over all national functions and receive ambassadors and
accredited representatives of foreign powers.
Article 68. The President of the Republic may be
authorized by special law:
1. To alienate, transfer or exchange any portion of Philippine
territory.
2. To incorporate any other territory to the Philippine
territory.
3. To admit the stationing of foreign troops in Philippine
territory.
4. To ratify of alliance, defensive as well as offensive, special
treaties of commerce, those which stipulate to grant subsidies to a foreign
power, and those which may compel Filipinos to render personal
service.
Secret treaties in no case may prevail over
the provisions of open treaties or treaties made
publicly.
5. To grant general amnesties and pardons.
6. To coin money.
Article 69. To the President belongs the power to
issue regulations for the compliance and application of the laws in accordance
with the requisites prescribed in said laws.
Article 70. The President of the Philippines, with
the prior approval by majority vote of the Representatives, may dissolve the
Assembly before the expiration of its legislation term. In this case,
new elections shall be called within three months.
Article 71. The President of the Republic may be
held liable only for cases of high treason.
Article 72. The salary of the President of the
Republic shall be fixed by special law which may not be changed except after
the presidential term has expired.
Title IX
THE SECRETARIES OF GOVERNMENT
Article 73. The Council of Government is composed
of one President and seven secretaries, each of whom shall have under his
charge the portfolios of Foreign Relations, Interior, Finance, War
and
Marine, Public Education, Communications and
Public Works, and Agriculture, Industry, and
Commerce.
Article 74. All the acts done by the President of
the Republic in the discharge of his duties shall be signed by the
corresponding Secretary. No public official shall give official recognition to
any act unless this requisite is complied with.
Article 75. The Secretaries of Government are
jointly responsible to the Assembly for the general administration of the
Government, and individually for their respective personal
acts.
Article 76. In order to exempt them from
responsibility, when held guilty by the Assembly, a petition to this effect
approved by absolute majority of the Representatives is
necessary.
Title X
THE JUDICIAL POWER
Article 77. To the Court corresponds
exclusively the power to apply the laws, in the name of the Nation, in all
civil and criminal trials.
The same codes
of laws shall be applied throughout the Republic, without prejudice to certain
variations according to circumstances as determined by law. In all
trials, civil, criminal, and administrative, all citizens shall be governed by
one code of laws and procedure.
Article 78. The courts of justice shall not apply
general local regulations, except when they conform to the
laws.
Article 79. The exercise of judicial power shall be
vested in one Supreme Court and in other courts established by law.
Their composition, organization, and other attributes shall be determined by
the laws creating them.
Article 80. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
and the Solicitor-General shall be chosen by the National Assembly in
concurrence with the President of the Republic and the Secretaries of
the
Government, and shall be absolutely independent of
the Legislative and Executive Powers.
Article 81. Any citizen may file suit against any
member exercising the Judicial Power for any crime committed by them in the
discharge of their office.
Title XI
PROVINCIAL AND POPULAR
ASSEMBLIES
Article 82. The organization and attributes of
provincial and popular assemblies shall be governed by their respective
laws. These laws shall conform to the following
principles:
1. The government and management of the particular interests of the
province or town shall be discharged by their respective corporations, the
principle of direct and popular elections being the basis underlying each of
them.
2. Publicity of their sessions, within the limits provided by
law.
3. Publication of all appropriations, accounts, and agreements affecting
same.
4. Government interference and, in the absence thereof, by the National
Assembly, to prevent provinces and municipalities exceeding their powers and
attributes to the prejudice of the interest of individuals and of the Nation
at large.
5. Power of taxation shall be exercised to the end that provincial and
municipal taxation do not come into conflict with the power of taxation of the
State.
Title XII
ADMINISTRATION OF THE STATE
Article 83. The Government shall submit every year
to the Assembly a budget of expenditures and income, indicating the changes
made from those of the preceding year, accompanying the same with a balance
sheet as of the end of the year, in accordance with law. This budget
shall be submitted to the Assembly within ten days following the commencement
of its session.
Article 85. The Government, in order to dispose of
the property and effects of the State, and to borrow money secured by mortgage
or credit of the Nation, must be authorized by special
law.
Article 86. Public debts contracted by the
Government of the Republic, in accordance with the provisions of this
Constitution, shall be under the special guarantee of the
Nation.
No debt shall be contracted unless the means of
paying the same are voted upon.
Article 87. All laws relating to income, public
expenses, or public credits shall be considered as part of the appropriation
and shall be published as such.
Article 88. The Assembly shall determine every
year, upon the recommendation of the President of the Republic, the military
forces by land and sea.
Title XIII
AMENDMENT OF THE
CONSTITUTION
Article 89. The Assembly, on its own initiative or
that of the President of the Republic, may propose amendments to the
Constitution, indicating what article or articles are to be
amended.
Article 90. This proposal having been made, the
President of the Republic shall dissolve the Assembly, and shall convoke a
Constituent Assembly which shall meet within three months. In the decree
convoking the Constituent Assembly, the resolution mentioned in the preceding
article shall be inserted.
Title XIV
CONSTITUTIONAL OBSERVANCE,
OATH, AND LANGUAGE
Article 91. The President of the Republic, the
Government, the Assembly, and all Filipino citizens shall faithfully observe
the provisions of the Constitution; and the Legislative Power, upon approval
of the
Appropriations
Act, shall examine if the Constitution has been strictly complied with and
whether violations, if any, have been duly corrected and those responsible for
the violations held liable.
Article 92. The President of the Republic and all
other officials of the Nation shall not enter into the discharge of their
office without having taken the prescribed oath. The oath of the President of
the Republic shall be taken before the National
Assembly.
The other officials of the Nation shall take their
oath before the authorities determined by law.
Article 93. The use of languages spoken in the
Philippines shall be optional. Their use cannot be regulated except by virtue
of law, and solely for acts of public authority and in the courts. For
these
acts the Spanish language may be used in the
meantime.
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
Article 94. Meanwhile and without prejudice to the
provisions of Article 48 and to the acts of the commissions designated by the
Assembly to translate and submit to the same the organic laws in the
development and application of the rights granted to Filipino citizens and for
the government of public powers therein mentioned, the laws of the Republic
shall be considered those found existing in these islands before the
emancipation of the same.
The provisions of the Civil Code relating to
marriage and civil registry, suspended by the Governor General of these
islands; the Instructions of April 26, 1888 to carry into effect Articles 77,
78, 79, and 82 of said Code; the law on civil registry of June 17, 1870 which
refers to Article 332 of the same, and the Regulation of December 13 following
for the enforcement of this law, without prejudice to the Chiefs of towns
continuing to be in charge of inscriptions in the civil registry and
intervening in the celebration of marriage between Catholics, shall also be
deemed in force and effect.
Article 95. In the meantime that the laws referred
to in the preceding article have not been approved or enforced, the Spanish
laws which said article allows to be enforced provisionally may be amended
by
special law.
Article 96. Once the laws approved by the Assembly
have been promulgated in accordance with Article 94, the Government of the
Republic shall have the power to issue decrees and
regulations
necessary for
the immediate organization of the various organs of the
State.
Article 97. The present President of the
Revolutionary Government shall assume later the title of President of the
Republic and shall discharge the duties of this office until the Assembly when
convoked proceeds to the election of one who shall definitely exercise the
duties of the office.
Article 98. The present Congress, composed of
members by suffrage or by decree, shall last for four years, or for the
duration of the present legislative term commencing on the 15th of April of
next year.
Article 99. Notwithstanding the general rule
established in part 2 of Article 4, in the meantime that the country is
fighting for its independence, the Government is empowered to resolve during
the closure of the Congress all questions and difficulties not provided for in
the laws, which give rise to unforeseen events, of which the Permanent
Commission shall be duly apprised as well as the Assembly when
it
meets in accordance with this
Constitution.
Article 100. The execution of Article 5, Title III
shall be suspended until the constituent Assembly meets in
session.
In the meantime, municipalities which require
spiritual ministry of a Filipino priest may provide for his necessary
maintenance.
Article 101. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Articles 62 and 63, bills returned by the President of the Republic to the
Congress may not be repassed except in the legislature of the following year,
this
suspension being under the responsibility of the
President and his Council of Government. When these conditions have been
fulfilled, the promulgation of said laws shall be obligatory within ten
days,
without prejudice to the President making of
record his non-conformity.
If the
reapproval is made in subsequent legislative terms, it shall be deemed law
approved for the first time.
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE
All the estates, edifices, and other property
possessed by the religious
corporations in
these islands shall be deemed restored to the Philippine State as of May 24,
1898 when the Dictatorial Government has been constituted in
Cavite.
BARASOAIN, the twentieth of January,
1899.
The President
of the Congress
PEDRO A.
PATERNO
The
Secretaries
PABLO
TECSON
PABLO
OCAMPO
Aguedo
Velarde
Alberto
Barretto
Ambrosio
Rianzares Bautista
Antonio
Luna
Antonio Feliciano
Arcadio del Rosario
Ariston
Bautista
Ariston
Gella
Arsenio
Cruz-Herrera
Basilio
Teodoro
Benito
Legarda
Ceferino
de Leon
Domingo
Samson
Esteban
de la Rama
Felipe
Buencamino
Felipe
Calderon
Felix
Bautista
Felix
Ferrer Pascual
Fernando
Cañon
Graciano Cordero
Gregorio Aguilera
Gregorio
Aglipay
Higinio
Benitez
Hipolito
Magsalin
Hugo
Ilagan
Ignacio
Villamor
Isidro
Torres
Isidro
Paredes
Javier
Gonzales Salvador
Joaquin
Gonzales
Joaquin
Luna
Jose Basa
Jose Salamanca
Jose R.
Infante
Jose F.
Oliveros
Jose
Tuason
Jose
Santiago
Jose M.
de la Vina
Jose M.
Lerma
Jose Albert
Jose Coronel
Jose
Alejandrino
Jose
Fernandez
Jose
Luna
Juan Nepomuceno
Juan Manday
Juan
Tuason
Justo
Lucban
Leon
Apacible
Leon
Guerrero
Lorenzo
del Rosario
Lucas
Gonzales Maninang
Manuel
Xerex Burgos
Manuel
Gomez Martinez
Manuel
Calleja
Marciano
V. del Rosario
Mariano
Abella
Mariano
Lopez
Mariano Crisostomo
Martin Garcia
Mateo
Gutierrez Ubaldo
Mateo del
Rosario
Melecio
Figueroa
Mena
Crisologo
Miguel
Zaragoza
Narciso
Hidalgo Resurreccion
Pablo
Ocampo
Pablo
Tecson Roque
Patricio
Bailon
Pedro A.
Paterno
Perfecto
Gabriel
Pio del
Pilar
Raymundo Alindada
Ricardo Paras
Salvador
V. del Rosario
Santiago
Barcelona
Santiago
Icasiano
Sebastian
de Castro
Simplicio
del Rosario
Sofio
Alandi
Sotero
Laurel
Telesforo
Chuidian
Teodoro
Sandico
Teodoro
Gonzales
Tomas
Arejola
Tomas G.
del Rosario
Trinidad
H. Pardo de Tavera
Vicente
Foz
Vicente Guzman
Pagulayan
Vicente
Somoza
Vito
Belarmino
Presidency of
the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines.
D.
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, President of the Revolutionary Government of the
Philippines and Captain General and Commander-in-Chief of its
Army.
Know all
Filipino citizens: That the Assembly of Representatives of the nation, by
virtue of its sovereign power, has decreed and I have sanctioned the political
Constitution of the state.
Therefore:
I command all
the authorities, civil as well as military, of whatever class or rank, to keep
it and cause it to be kept, complied with and executed in all its parts,
because it is the sovereign will of the Filipino
people.
Done at
Malolos, on the twenty-first of January in the year eighteen hundred and
ninety-nine.
EMILIO AGUINALDO
Harvard Computer Systems,
Inc. 